| 1. |
Introduction |
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1.1. |
What is chassis alignment?  |
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1.2. |
What is the purpose of chassis alignment? |
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1.3. |
When is a chassis alignment required? |
| 2. |
Chassis geometry |
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2.1. |
Terms |
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2.1.1 |
Steering trapezium |
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2.1.2 |
Axis of symmetry |
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2.1.3 |
Geometric driving axis |
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2.1.4 |
Wheel centre plane |
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2.1.5 |
Wheel contact point |
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2.1.6 |
Driving axis angle |
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2.2. |
Measurement values |
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2.2.1 |
Ride height |
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2.2.2 |
Track |
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2.2.3 |
Toe |
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2.2.4 |
Toe variation |
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2.2.5 |
Camber |
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2.2.6 |
Castor |
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2.2.7 |
Kingpin inclination |
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2.2.8 |
Kingpin offset |
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2.2.9 |
Straight-ahead position |
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2.2.10 |
Maximum lock angle (steering angle) |
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2.2.11 |
Wheel offset |
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2.2.12 |
Wheelbase |
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2.2.13 |
Wheel base difference |
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2.2.14 |
Track difference |
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2.2.15 |
Axle offset |
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2.2.16 |
Lateral offset |
| 3. |
Electronic alignment devices/computer-aided chassis
alignment systems |
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3.1. |
Development of the alignment devices |
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3.2. |
Electronic alignment devices/suspension alignment
computer |
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3.3. |
Requirements at the measurement point |
| 4. |
Front and rear axle designs |
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4.1. |
Front and rear axle designs |
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4.2. |
Front axle |
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4.2.1 |
Axle constructions |
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4.2.2 |
Spring strut axle Agila |
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4.2.3 |
Spring strut axle Corsa-B, Combo-B, Tigra-A |
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4.2.4 |
Spring strut axle Corsa-C, Combo-C, Tigra-B, Meriva |
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4.2.5 |
Double-wishbone axle Speedster/VX220 |
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4.2.6 |
Spring strut axle Astra-G, Zafira-A, Vectra-B |
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4.2.7 |
Spring strut axle Astra-H, Zafira-B |
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4.2.8 |
Spring strut axle Vectra-C, Vectra-C Estate, Signum |
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4.2.9 |
Spring strut axle Omega-B |
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4.2.10 |
Spring strut axle Sintra |
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4.2.11 |
Spring strut axle Arena |
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4.2.12 |
Double-wishbone axle Frontera, Monterey, Campo/Brava |
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4.2.13 |
Spring strut axle Vivaro |
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4.2.14 |
Double-wishbone axle Movano |
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4.1. |
Rear axle |
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4.1.1 |
Axle constructions |
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4.1.2 |
Torsion-beam rear axle Agila |
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4.1.3 |
Torsion-beam rear axle Corsa-B, Combo-B, Tigra-A |
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4.1.4 |
Torsion-beam rear axle Corsa-C, Combo-C, Tigra-B, Meriva |
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4.1.5 |
Double-wishbone axle Speedster/VX220 |
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4.1.6 |
Semi-independent suspension Astra-G, Astra-H, Zafira-A,
Zafira-B |
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4.1.7 |
Multi-link suspension Vectra-B |
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4.1.8 |
Multi-link suspension Vectra-C, Vectra-C Estate, Signum |
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4.1.9 |
Multi-link suspension Omega-B |
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4.1.10 |
Torsion-beam rear axle Sintra |
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4.1.11 |
Rigid axle Combo-B, Arena |
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4.1.12 |
Rigid axle Frontera, Monterey |
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4.1.13 |
Rigid axle Campo/Brava |
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4.1.14 |
Torsion-beam rear axle Vivaro |
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4.1.15 |
Rigid axle Movano |
| 5. |
Measurement process |
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5.1. |
Measurement process axle alignment |
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5.2. |
2-wheel measurement without reference to the rear
axle |
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5.3. |
2-wheel measurement with reference to the rear axle
|
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5.4. |
4-wheel measurement |
| 6. |
Chassis alignment equipment |
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6.1. |
Chassis alignment equipment |
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6.2. |
Equipment manufacturer |
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6.2.1 |
Beissbarth |
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6.2.2 |
Hunter |
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6.2.3 |
Hofmann |
| 7. |
Set-up instructions |
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7.1. |
Agila |
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7.2. |
Corsa-B, Combo-B, Tigra-A |
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7.3. |
Corsa-C, Combo-C, Tigra-B, Meriva |
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7.4. |
Speedster/VX220 |
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7.5. |
Astra-F |
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7.6. |
Astra-G, Zafira-A |
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7.7. |
Astra-H, Zafira-B |
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7.8. |
Vectra-B |
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7.9. |
Vectra-C, Vectra-C Estate, Signum |
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7.10. |
Omega-B |
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7.11. |
Sintra |
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7.12. |
Frontera-B |
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7.13. |
Monterey |
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7.14. |
Campo/Brava |
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7.15. |
Arena |
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7.16. |
Vivaro |
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7.17. |
Movano |
