XC90 2.5T AWD L5-2.5L Turbo VIN 59 B5254T2 (2003)
to the bus must withstand up to approximately 25 V.
The LIN bus is terminated to the battery voltage with a pull-up resistance on all nodes, the master mode with 1 kOhms and the slave nodes with 20-47
kOhms, usually 30 kOhms.
This means that in sleep mode the voltage on the LIN bus is approximately 13 V and the dominant level on the bus (that is to say when a "1" is
transmitted and a node takes down the bus to a low level during the transmission) is approximately 1 V.
Hint: The voltage on the communication wire is dependent on the supply voltage. The guideline is that the average value during communication is
approximately 2/3 of the supply voltage. With a normal supply voltage and normal communication, the average voltage on the LIN bus lies at
approximately 7-8 V.
The residue voltage level depends on the internal protection diodes in the control module.
The slave nodes also have a diode in series with the pull-up resistance to prevent the connected components from loading the bus by leading current the
back-way if they do not have a power supply.
Wiring
The communication wire used on LIN is a single, unscreened conductor, which includes the most common cable harnesses in the vehicle. On account of
the wire being unscreened, some restrictions due to EMC reasons can apply to wire routing.
IN message
Complete message
A = Frame
B = Header
C = Message
A message on LIN is called a frame and consist of the following parts:
1. Synchronization interrupt.Used to wake slave nodes that are in sleep mode.
2. Synchronization field. The synchronization field helps slave nodes to synchronize with their master node's clock frequency, in order for messages
sent to be received correctly.
3. Identification field. Contains information about the contents of the message. All nodes can read and respond to a message, yet only one node has
the right to send a response to the message. Which node has the right to answer the message (send response data) is evident from the identifier.
4. Data information. The data sent can be two to eight bytes long. The data information is sent with the least significant bit first.
5. Checksum. The checksum is a way for slave notes to check whether the received message has been transferred correctly, or if any disturbance can
have occurred during the transmission which has corrupted the data. If an error has occurred in a message during transmission from the master
node to the slave node, i.e. the checksum calculated by the slave node does not correspond, the slave node will erase the message and await the
next message sent from the master node.
The slave nodes do not send an acknowledgement to a message that has been received correctly. The master node re-reads the message sent out on the
LIN bus and compares the re-read message with the message that was sent.
If the sent and detected messages are the same, the master mode presupposes that the message has been received correctly by the slave nodes.
Example from an oscilloscope
