XC90 AWD L5-2.5L Turbo VIN 59 B5254T2 (2005)
A base program in the engine control module (ECM) calculates the injection period based on data about load, i.e. the measured air mass and engine
speed (rpm). The calculated injection time (from the base program) is then modified by a circuit (short-term fuel trim). The signal from the heated
oxygen sensor (HO2S) is used to finely adjust the injection period so that lambda=1 is reached. The short-term fuel trim is also a circuit that finely
adjusts the injection period so that the fuel air mixture is optimized (lambda=1). The control module also used the signals from the front and rear heated
oxygen sensors (HO2S) to correct the front heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) (offset adjustment) and thereby the injection period. This gives a higher degree
of accuracy during fuel trim. Fuel trim is a rapid process which may take place several times a second. Adjustment of the calculated injection period
calculated in the base program is limited.
The fuel trim can be read off using VIDA.
Adaptive functions
Certain factors, such as deviations in tolerance for certain components such as the mass air flow (MAF) sensor and injectors, intake air leakage, fuel
pressure etc, will affect the composition of the fuel air mixture. To compensate for this, the engine control module (ECM) has adaptive (self learning)
functions. When the engine is new, the short-term fuel trim is assumed to vary cyclically around a nominal center line (A) 1.00 with, for example, a ± 5%
change in the injection period when fuel trim is active.
If there is air leakage for example, the short-term fuel trim will quickly be offset to a new position (B) and will then work for example between 1.10
(+10%) and 1.20 (+20%), although still at an amplitude of 5%, but with an offset in relation to the original center line (A). The injection period has then
been increased to compensate the increase in the amount of air.
The adaptive functions will correct the change, so that the short-term fuel trim will work around the new center line (B) where it will again have its full
range of control available.
Put simply, fuel trim is a measurement of the difference (C) between the original short-term fuel trim center line (A) and the new center line (B).
