Range Rover County LWB (LH) V8-4.2L (1993)
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Circuit Components
CONDUCTORS
Substances that have free electrons readily available are known as conductors. The best conductors are metals: gold, silver, copper, and iron. But it is
important to remember that even good conductors have measurable resistance. Four main factors determine the resistance of metallic conductors:
1. The material itself; copper conducts better than iron for example
2. The length of the conductor; the longer the conductor, the higher the resistance
3. The cross-sectional area; the thinner the conductor, the higher the resistance
4. The temperature of the conductor; the higher the temperature, the greater the resistance
INSULATORS
All substances differ in their ability to conduct electricity. Some do not readily permit current flow. Such a material is called an insulator. The resistance
to electrical flow by a substance depends on the scarcity of free electrons in its atomic structure. The materials that we know to be good insulators are
made up of atoms that have few, or no, free electrons.They would include rubber, mica, plastic, glass, and air.
Low voltage, low current conductors usually use a thin plastic insulation unless they are located in an area of the vehicle where high temperature or other
harmful conditions exist.
Conductors that carry high voltages use a more durable, high temperature resistant insulation that won't break down when the circuit heats up. Circuits
that carry extremely high voltages, like spark plug cables, are covered with a very thick insulation to prevent the spark from jumping to the nearest
ground.
Radio antenna and low voltage sensor cables, which have an inner (signal carrying) conductor and an outer (shield) conductor, have two insulators. One
goes between the inner and outer conductor, and the other one over the outer conductor. Because of the way these signals behave, no other conductor can
be used is place of the special radio antenna lead.
NOTE: Land Rover wires have color coded insulation for wire identification.
Wire Colour Chart
B - Black
P - Purple
G - Green
R - Red
K - Pink
S - Grey
L - Light
U - Blue
N - Brown
W - White
O - Orange
V - Yellow
WIRE GAUGE COMPARISON
Wire Gauge Size
Allowable voltage drop and current carrying capacity are the important factors in determining correct wire gauge or size.