Cooper S (R53) L4-1.6L SC (W11) (2004)
Caster
Is the inclination of the kingpin ("kingpin" corresponds to line through center point of spring strut support bearing and control arm ball joint) in direction
of travel, viewed from the side.
Thanks to caster, wheels are pulled and not pushed. In a similar manner to king-pin inclination, when driving in curves or around corners, returning
forces are reproduced to help return wheels to straight-ahead position.
Geometrical axis 1
Bisecting line of an angle from total rear-wheel toe.
Front-wheel measurements are taken in reference to this axis.
Symmetrical axis 2
Centre line running through front and rear axles.
Wheel offset
Angle by which one front wheel is displaced more towards front or rear than the other front wheel.