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See: Moisture.
Residue utilization
See: Recycling.
Resistance
Resistance is:
1. The capacity that a living organism (breed, species or genus) possesses to resist damaging influences from the surroundings (e.g. parasites,
infections, illnesses, climate). In case of pests (including bacteria), this includes the capability to resist pesticides. Resistance can be hereditary, but
it also can be generated by environmental conditions (e.g. nutrition). Creation of resistant breeds or types via mutation or crossing and progressive
selection is one of the primary aims of plant and animal breeding.
2. Medicine: the inherited resistance to infections and poisons as opposed to the acquired resistance Immunity. Germs (microbes) can also be
resistant to medicinal remedies (sulfonamides and antibiotics such as penicillin). In these cases, the remedy no longer works.
Resources
All materials including natural raw materials, aids and means of production required for human economic activities.
Respirable dust
Dust with a particle size between 1 and 10 microns.
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Safety analysis
The Hazardous incident provision requires the operator of a plant to carry out a safety analysis. This analysis primarily serves as an inspection instrument
for the operator. As opposed to the safety report required by laws pertaining to nuclear processing, the safety analysis remains in the possession of the
operator and is to be presented to the responsible authorities upon request; the operator is responsible for updating the safety analysis on a regular basis.
The five parts of the safety analysis:
1. The plant description
2. Presentation of the technical plant components which are critical from a safety standpoint
3. Description of the substances existing in the plant or which could result from a malfunction
4. Presentation of the precautionary measures carried out
5. Information pertaining to the impact in the case of a hazardous incident
Safety observation
Work method to determine the technical state of plant safety with an acceptable level of effort. Standardized methods (e.g. fault tree analysis) are
possible if very similar plants are compared to one another (e.g. nuclear technology plants) and if certain preliminary requirements, such as numeric
failure rates of components, are known. Usually, chemical industry plants can not be observed using these procedures because each plant is individual
and failure rates are not known. Therefore, a pragmatic procedure has been developed to inspect the safety of individual components of a plant and safe
connection between the components, under the assumption that the process itself is safe. The impact of conditions related to the operating environment,
such as human error, are also taken into account in this procedure. The safety observation should determine that the inspected plant poses no potential
hazard. If this is not true, then appropriate measures have to be carried out to ensure the plant's technical safety.
Secondary pollution
Pollution of water by products resulting from decomposition of initial pollution.
Sedimentation
Settling of solids that are heavier than the surrounding liquid medium.
Self-monitoring of large-scale businesses
To utilize data pertaining to numerous and diverse safety systems concentrated especially in the chemical industry, the task of monitoring was delegated
by the State to large companies, whose experts must be officially accredited.
Separate sewer system