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‒ → Test for short between all three contacts in the knock sensor connector (contacts 1+2, 1+3, 2+3).
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‒ Specified value: ∞ ω (no continuity) - wires must not have any mutual connection
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‒ If there is a connection between the contacts, fit a new knock sensor.
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‒ If no short is found, check knock sensor wiring.
Checking wiring from knock sensors to engine control unit
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‒ Connect the V.A.G 1598/31 test box to wiring harness leading to engine control unit; engine control unit should not be connected .
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‒ Check for open circuit and short to earth/positive or earth in the following wiring connections:
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