| Description and Operation Fuel Injection Equipment | 1 | Charge air Cooler | | 2 | Turbocharger | | 3 | Diesel fuel filter | | 4 | Diesel fuel heater | | 5 | Glow plug | | 6 | Fuel injector | | 7 | Fuel injection pump | Charge Air Cooler The charge air cooler (intercooler) is located on top of the inlet manifold. It cools the incoming air charge from the turbocharger compressor, therefore, increasing its' density. The charge air cooler is of the air/air type and features a light weight aluminium matrix. Together with the turbocharger it provides a means of appreciably increasing the torque and power output of the engine as well as improving the driveability. Turbocharger The turbocharger is located between the air intake and the inlet manifold. The purpose of the turbocharger is to increase the air charge provided to the cylinders. It takes its oil supply from the engine lubrication system. Fuel Filter The fuel filter consists of a replaceable cartridge, which contains a special paper element that uses a mean pore size of 4‐5 micrometers. A hand pump is incorporated into the filter housing to assist with the bleeding of the fuel system. Fuel Heater The fuel heater is located in the fuel feed line to the fuel filter. It is switched on automatically by a thermoswitch to heat the fuel drawn from the fuel tank. The pupose of the fuel heater is to prevent wax developing at low ambient temperatures, which can cause blockage in the fuel filter. Glow Plug Engine starting is assisted by the use of glow plugs. The glow plugs are switched on by the glow plug relay which is activated when the ignition is switched on. When the glow plugs are switched on they pre heat the combustion chamber in which they are fitted. Fuel Injector The fuel injectors are the conventional pintle nozzle type and are screwed into the cylinder head. The tips of the injectors are insulated from direct contact with the cylinder head by the use of special domed washers. On the TC and TCI engines, the fuel injector fitted to number three cylinder is fitted with a needle lift sensor. This sensor provides input to the powertrain control module to enable accurate control of the fuel injection timing. Fuel Injection Pump The fuel injection pump is of the conventional distributor type, but has some features that are eletronically controlled (cold advance and light load advance). The fuel injection pump is driven by the crankshaft through a toothed rubber drive belt. Setting the fuel injection pump timing is achieved using the familiar timing peg method. | 
