Engine Component Description (LDE, LED, LFJ, LXV, 2H0, LUW,
LFH)
Cylinder Block
The cylinder hollow frame structured 4 cylinder in-line. The block
has 5 crankshaft bearings with the thrust bearing located on the
third bearing from the front of the engine.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is a steel crankshaft. It is supported in 5 main
journals with main bearings which have oil clearance for
lubricating. The 3rd bearing of the 5 main bearing is the thrust
bearing whose the crankshaft has properly axial end play. A
harmonic damper is used to control torsional vibration.
Oil Pump
The oil pump is a crankshaft driven oil pump integrated in pump
module. The oil pump draws engine oil from the oil pan and feeds it
under pressure to the various parts of the engine. An oil strainer
is mounted before the inlet of the oil pump to remove impurities
which could clog or damage the oil pump or other engine components.
When the crankshaft rotates, the oil pump driven gear rotates. This
causes the space between the gears to constantly open and narrow,
pulling oil in from the oil pan when the space opens and pumping
the oil out to the engine as it narrows. At high engine speeds, the
oil pump supplies a much higher amount of oil than required for
lubrication of the engine. The oil pressure regulator prevents too
much oil from entering the engine lubrication passages.
Oil Pan
The oil pan is a structural aluminum oil pan with transmission
attachment. It includes the oil suction pipe, this pipe is
connected with the oil pump. The oil pan is attached at the engine
block.
Piston and Connecting Rod
The Pistons are aluminum pistons with top land and floating pin.
The connecting rods are fractured steel connecting rods with
bushing.
Cylinder Head
This cylinder head is double over head camshaft (DOHC) type and has
2 camshafts that open 4 valves per cylinder with tappets. The
camshaft sprocket wheels are installed in front of the camshafts.
The cylinder head is made of cast aluminum alloy for better
strength in hardness with light weight. The combustion chamber of
the cylinder head is designed for increasing of squish and swirl
efficiency and then this is maximized to gasoline combustion
efficiency.
Valves
There are 2 intake and 2 exhaust valves with tappets per cylinder.
Camshaft
Two camshafts are used, one for all intake valves, the other for
all exhaust valves. The camshafts are cast iron. The camshafts are
driven by the crankshaft over the timing belt.
Camshaft Drive
A timing belt is used for camshaft drive. There is a tensioner to
control the tension of the belt. Instead of camshaft gears or
camshaft sprockets the engine is equipped with camshaft adjuster.
The camshaft adjuster readjust itself at the engine speed. So the
valve timing is adjusted for a low consumption, optimal power and
torque.
Intake Manifold
The intake manifold is the air flow passage to the cylinder
combustion chamber through the throttle body and has an effect on
engine torque, power, noise, drivability, emission, fuel economy
and performance. It is made of plastic for better strength in
hardness with little weight.
Exhaust Manifold
The exhaust manifold is located to the cylinder head and channels
the exhaust gas out of the combustion chamber. It is designed to
endure on high pressure and high temperature. The exhaust manifold
includes the catalytic converter.
Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
The crankcase ventilation system is used to consume crankcase
vapors in the combustion process instead of venting vapors to the
atmosphere. Fresh air from the intake system is supplied to the
crankcase, mixed with blow-by gases and then passed through a
calibrated orifice into the throttle body. The primary control is
through the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) orifice which
meters the flow at a rate depending on inlet vacuum. The PCV
orifice is an integral part of the camshaft cover. If abnormal
operating conditions occur, the system is designed to allow
excessive amounts of blow-by gases to back flow through the
crankcase vent into the intake system to be consumed by normal
combustion.
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