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Toe
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The toe (1) is the angle determined on a stationary vehicle
between the lines of intersection of the wheel centre planes (3)
and the parallel geometric driving axis (2).
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When the vehicle is being driven, the vehicle's wheels attempt
to swivel outwards or inwards due to forces acting on them. Various
forces come into play during acceleration and braking, but also at
constant speeds.
The adherence to the toe values specified for Opel/Vauxhall
vehicles specified ensures that the wheels have good straight-line
stability (tracking stability) without any wheel wobble.
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Effects of incorrect measurement angles
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Deviation of measurement values beyond the
tolerances towards Negative Toe, Toe-out:
- inner tyre wear
- Spongy driving behaviour
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Deviation of measurement values beyond the
tolerances towards Positive Toe, Toe-in:
- outer tyre wear
- twitchy straight-ahead driving
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We distinguish between toe "0" (i), "positive" toe (II, toe-in)
and "negative" toe (III, toe-out).
Toe "0"
Toe "0" is the parallel position of a wheel centre plane (1,3)
to the geometric driving axis (2).
"Positive" toe (toe-in)
In this position, the front part of wheel is facing the
geometric driving axis.
"Negative" toe (toe-out)
In this position, the rear part of the wheel is facing the
geometric driving axis.
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Individual toe
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The individual toe (1) is the angle between a wheel's centre
plane (3) and the geometric driving axis (2).
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Total toe/track
The angle of the total toe is calculated by adding or
subtracting the individual toe values for an axle.
With individual toe values with the same prefix (+/-), the
values are added.
Example
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Left toe-in:
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+0° 10'
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Right toe-in:
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+ (+0° 10')
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Total toe:
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+0° 20'
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If the individual toe values for an axle have a different prefix
(+/-),the smaller value is subtracted from the higher value.
Example
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Left toe-in:
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+0° 10'
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Right toe-in:
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- (-0° 05')
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Total toe:
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+0° 15'
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