Malfunction reactions
- Make
- Volvo
- Model
- S60 Factory Service Manual
- Year
- 2011–2016
- Section
- 43 Transmission › Specifications, other › Malfunction reactions
Malfunction reactions
This document is intended as a guide to understanding how symptoms occur when generating diagnostic trouble codes (DTC).
If the Transmission control module (TCM) discovers a fault the control modules can take a number of actions, failure reactions. The failure reactions taken depend on the type of fault that has occurred. The reason for this, is that no fault must be aggravated, driving characteristics are not to be impaired and so the transmission does not mechanically fail. Each diagnostic trouble code (DTC) has a failure reaction that describes how the Transmission control module (TCM) processes the fault that has occurred. 0 is used for diagnostic trouble codes that do not require a failure reaction.
Explanations:
Gear groups = division of the odd and even gears.
Drive circuit, also known as power unit = there are 3 which provide the power feed to the solenoids in the hydraulic system.
Open loop controlled = through this a gear selector fork is moved with 80 Nm forward and back to the end position to ensure Neutral.
Failure reaction 0:
- No failure reaction is necessary.
Failure reaction 1:
- The appropriate gear selector fork for the gear group (odd/even) is moved to the neutral position.
- All gears are blocked for the gear group in which the gear selector fork is included.
- If the gear selector is in D or R the coupling is applied with max 5 Nm at the same time as the control module checks that no gear is engaged from the defective gear group.
- If the gear is still engaged, the gears in the other gear group (odd/even) that are higher than the defective gear are blocked.
Failure reaction 2.1:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases the block.
Failure reaction 2.2:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear 1.
Failure reaction 3.1:
- Blocks all even gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 2, 4, 6.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks.
Failure reaction 3.2:
- Blocks all even gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 2, 4, 6.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear 2.
Failure reaction 4.1:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks.
Failure reaction 4.2:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear 3.
Failure reaction 5.1:
- Blocks all even gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 2, 4, 6.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks.
Failure reaction 5.2:
- Blocks all even gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 2, 4, 6.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear 4.
Failure reaction 6.1:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks.
Failure reaction 6.2:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear 5.
Failure reaction 7.1:
- Blocks all even gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 2, 4, 6.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks.
Failure reaction 7.2:
- Blocks all even gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 2, 4, 6.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear 6.
Failure reaction 8.1:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks.
Failure reaction 8.2:
- Blocks all odd gears except N to force the gear selector fork to Neutral: gears 1, 3, 5, R.
- Waits until N is engaged for this gear group.
- Releases all blocks except gear R.
Failure reaction 10:
Opens the coupling, results in no drive.
- Cuts the drive circuits between the battery and solenoids.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 11:
Failure reaction is used if it is not possible to apply pressure on the odd coupling.
- Deactivates CSPS1 (close odd gears).
- Blocks odd gears. If an odd gear is engaged, blocks even gears that are above the odd gear. Does not use the odd gear that is engaged.
Failure reaction 11.1:
Used when you can get pressure over the coupling, but not over the gear system for odds gears.
- Deactivates CSPS1 (close odd gear possibility).
- Blocks all odd gears except the one engaged, and even gears above the odd gear.
- Activates CSPS1 so that the engaged odd gear can be used.
Failure reaction 11.2:
Failure reaction is used if it is not possible to apply pressure on the coupling.
- Deactivates CSPS1 and activates CSMS2 for shifting (deactivate odd gears).
- Blocks the odd gears and does not use the engaged odd gear. Blocks the even gears except the engaged even gear.
If the fault counter is below a calibrated level.
- Tries to disengage the odd gear if an odd gear is engaged.
If it is possible:
- Makes the valve cleaning function possible.
- Increases the fault counter.
- After that, activates the odd gears again.
If it is not possible:
- Does nothing.
Failure reaction 11.3:
Is only a temporary solution, does not stop generation of the diagnostic trouble code (DTC).
- Deactivates CSPS1 (close odd gear possibility).
Failure reaction 12:
Results in temporary gear failure.
- Turns off the pressure for gear shifting. Depending on whether it is one of the odd or even gear selector forks that request the movement, CSPS1 or CSPS2 is closed.
- After a predetermined calibrated time CSPS1 and CSPS2 are reactivated.
- Holds SHCMS in the closed position, so that a secondary fault gives shifting to a non critical gear.
- Only minimal lubrication on both couplings, which results in reduced activity for both couplings.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 13:
Results in temporary gear failure.
- Turns off the pressure for gear shifting. Turns off the odd gear selector solenoid CSPS1 or the even gear selector solenoid CSPS2 depending on which gear group that the gear selector fork to be moved belongs to.
- After a predetermined calibrated time CSPS1 and CSPS2 are reactivated.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 14:
Used when it is not possible to set the pressure on the even coupling.
- Turns off CSPS2
- Blocks all even gears and if an even gear is engaged, blocks the odd gears that are higher than the even gear engaged. Does not use the engaged even gear.
Failure reaction 14.1:
Used when you can get pressure over the coupling, but there is no pressure over the gear system for even gears.
- Deactivates CSPS2 (closes the possibility of shifting to even gears).
- Blocks all even gears except the one engaged. Also blocks odd gears that are above the even gear.
- Activates CSPS2 so that the engaged even gear can be used.
Failure reaction 14.2:
Failure reaction is used if it is not possible to apply pressure on the coupling.
- Deactivates CSPS2 and sets CSMS2 for shifting (deactivates even gears).
- Blocks even gears, even neutral, and blocks the odd gears except the one engaged. Does not use the even gear engaged.
If the fault counter is below a calibrated level, no gear is engaged and if the hydraulics are not damaged:
- Makes the valve cleaning function possible.
- Increases the fault counter.
- Then, activates even gears
If it is not possible to engage the even gear, does nothing.
Failure reaction 14.3:
Is only a temporary solution, does not stop generation of the diagnostic trouble code (DTC).
- Deactivates CSPS2 (closes the possibility of shifting to odd gears).
Failure reaction 15:
Results in limited shifting possibilities as set out below.
- SHSS1 and SHSS2 are deactivated.
- Only shifting in the left direction, as set out below, is possible.
The position of gears per gear selector fork are:
Gear selector fork 1 (odd) R-N-5.
Gear selector fork 2 (odd) 3-N-1.
Gear selector fork 3 (even) 2-N-4.
Gear selector fork 4 (even) X-N-6.
Accordingly, gears 5 and N are blocked if gear R is engaged and gears N and 1 are blocked if gear 3 is engaged. The equivalent applies for even gears. Both an even and an odd gear can be activated simultaneously. These are then managed in parallel. If the gear selector fork is located in an undefined position between two gears, the entire gear group is blocked, including Neutral.
- Use minimal lubrication.
- After a calibrated time the gear system (SHSS1 and SHSS2) is reactivated.
Failure reaction 16:
Results in limited shifting possibilities.
- SHSS1 and SHSS2 are deactivated.
- Only shifting in the right direction is possible. See failure reaction 15 for the position of gears per gear selector fork.
Accordingly, gears 2 and N are blocked if gear 4 is engaged and gear N is blocked if gear 6 is engaged. The equivalent applies for odd gears. Both an even and an odd gear can be activated simultaneously. These are then managed in parallel. If the gear selector fork is located in an undefined position between two gears, the entire gear group is blocked, including Neutral.
- Use minimal lubrication.
- After a calibrated time the gear system (SHSS1 and SHSS2) is reactivated.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 17:
Coupling 1 cannot be used, but the gear system works.
- Guided pressure to the gear system, activates CSMS1.
- If CSMS2 is on, deactivates CSPS2
Disengages odd gears and blocks the odd gears.
- Closes CSMS1 and continues with even gears.
- Activates CSPS2
- Does not use coupling 1.
Failure reaction 18:
Coupling 2 cannot be used, but the gear system works.
- Guided pressure to the gear system, activates CSMS2.
If CSMS1 is on, deactivates CSPS2 and completes shifting on the odd gear group.
If CSMS1 is closed, activates CSPS2 to disengage even gears.
- Disengage even gears and block even gears
- Closes CSMS2 and continues with odd shifting.
- Does not use coupling 2.
Failure reaction 18.1:
If CSMS1 is on, closes CSPS2.
Failure reaction 19 and 19.1:
Coupling 1 is forced to close.
- Guided pressure to the gear shifting system. Opens CSMS1. If CSMS2 is on, closes CSPS2.
If an odd gear is engaged. Disengages the gear through operating LPS instead of CSPS1.
- Closes CSMS1 and continues with even gears.
If failure reaction 19 is triggered by diagnostic trouble code TCM-P084100 and the fault counter is below a calibrated value:
- Activates the function valve cleaning until it is completed.
- Increases the fault counter.
- After that, activates the odd gear group again.
Failure reaction 20 and 20.1:
Coupling 2 is forced to close.
The pressure to the existing system. Opens CSMS2. If shifting is performed on an odd gear group, closes CSPS1 and CSMS1.
If an even gear is engaged, deactivates even gears controlled by LPS instead of CSPS2.
- Closes CSMS2 and continue with odd gears.
If the failure reaction is triggered by diagnostic trouble code TCM-P084600 and the fault counter is below a calibrated value, no gear is engaged and the hydraulics are not damaged.
- Activates the function valve cleaning and waits until it is completed.
- Increases the fault counter.
- Then, activates the even gears again.
Failure reaction 21:
Failure reaction when LPS, which controls the system pressure in the case, is deactivated and cannot be controlled.
- Turns off LPS.
- Gives information to components in the hydraulic system that maximum linear system pressure is given.
- Increases the speed for idling.
- Coolant flow is at a maximum.
Failure reaction 22:
The temperature sensor located in the Transmission control module (TCM), which measures the temperature of the control module, is damaged.
- Uses the temperature value from the hydraulic oil plus a calibrated offset.
Failure reaction 23:
The hydraulic oil's temperature sensor is damaged.
- Uses the temperature value from the Transmission control module (TCM) plus a calibrated offset.
Failure reaction 24:
- Activates LPS in order to avoid undefined operating characteristics.
- Limits the engine and clutch torque to the maximum available torque, calculated through the measured current by LPS.
- Increases the idling speed
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 25:
No pressure on the couplings.
Tries to activate CSMS2 in order to open CPCUT.
If there is pressure, continues with failure reaction 26 otherwise failure reaction 10.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 26:
Causes CCFS, which controls the hydraulic oil for control of the coupling, to close.
- Sets CCFS to low, to prevent unwanted reactions.
- Only minimal lubrication is used.
- CSMS2 opens the relief valve CPCUT to cool the coupling.
- Continues with failure reaction 14.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 27:
- Activates CCFS to prevent undesirable behaviour.
- Increases minimum engine speed to the calibrated value.
- Coolant flow is at a maximum.
Failure reaction 28:
Blocks the current gear.
Failure reaction 28.1:
Blocks reverse gear until either:
- The accelerator pedal is pressed down.
- The brake pedal is pressed down.
- The gear selector is moved.
Failure reaction 29:
- Replaces the speed sensor's signal with the engine speed's signal from the Engine control module (ECM) via the CAN network.
If the speed from the engine is also incorrect or unavailable continued driving in this gear is permitted, but gear shifting is not.
If both couplings are open they should remain open through failure reaction 10.
Failure reaction 30:
Attempts to cut the voltage supply to the Gear selector module (GSM) when the gear position indicator indicates Neutral.
Failure reaction 31:
Sets "shift lock override" when shift lock is requested.
- Keeps the last valid value from the defective sensor.
Engages a gear on the other (even/odd) axle.
Failure reaction 32:
Internal failure reaction if an implausibility error occurs between input and output rpm.
- Always engage two gears (block neutral N1 and N2).
Failure reaction 33:
- Deactivates power step 1 (HSD1).
- Failure reaction 21 (LPS short-circuited to ground).
- Blocking depending on the status of the gear shifting system:
If gear selector fork 2 is in N, R is possible on the odd gears.
If gear selector fork 4 is in N, gear 2 is possible on the even gears.
In other cases, locked position on odd and even gears.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 34:
- Deactivates power step 3 (HSD3).
- Blocking depending on the status of the gear shifting system:
If the gear selector fork 1 is in N, gears 1 and 3 are possible on the odd gears.
Otherwise the status is maintained on odd and even gears.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 35:
If an even gear is engaged it is only possible to drive the vehicle using this gear.
Sets the system pressure to 6 bar so that CPCUT opens.
Limits the engine's rotational torque to 100 Nm (on account of the limited capacity for the coupling's rotational torque).
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 35.1:
- If CSMS2 is activated, deactivates CSMS2 and CSPS2
- Activates CSMS1 (to prevent undesirable behaviour).
- Disengages an odd gear.
- Engages an even gear (it is only possible to drive the vehicle in this gear).
- Blocks all other gears
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 36:
Internal failure reaction if an implausibility error occurs between speed signal from Brake control module (BCM) and input rpm.
- Always engage two gears (block neutral N1 and N2).
- Replace output rpm with input rpm on the passive gear.
Failure reaction 38:
failure reaction for blocked gear selector fork on odd gear group.
- Blocks odd gears.
If the engine speed sensors are accessible, determine whether the speed conditions correspond with the engaged gear:
- If the speed conditions correspond with the calculated gear selector fork's position, all gears on the odd gear group are blocked except the engaged gear (which can be used). Block the even gears that are greater than the damaged even gear.
- If the calculated gear selector fork's position and the calculated gear for the speed conditions is neutral, block the odd gears.
- If the calculated gear for the speed conditions differs from the gear that is calculated by the gear selector fork's position, failure reaction 1 occurs.
Failure reaction 39:
failure reaction for blocked gear selector fork on even gear group.
- Blocks even gears.
If the engine speed sensors are accessible, determine whether the speed conditions correspond with the engaged gear:
- If the speed conditions correspond with the calculated gear selector fork's position, all gears on the even gear group are blocked except the engaged gear (which can be used). Block the odd gears that are greater than the damaged even gear.
- If the calculated gear selector fork's position and the calculated gear for the speed conditions is neutral, block the even gears.
- If the calculated gear for the speed conditions differs from the gear that is calculated by the gear selector fork's position, failure reaction 1 occurs.
Failure reaction 40:
Does not permit manual gear shifting.
Failure reaction 41:
Failure reaction set, if a fault is registered that cannot be associated to a pure hydraulic or sensor fault.
Engages N on gear selector forks 1 and 2 through "open loop control".
- Blocks odd gears.
Verifies the neutral position for odd gears (gear selector fork 1 and 2).
Failure reaction 42:
Failure reaction set, if a fault is registered that cannot be associated to a pure hydraulic or sensor fault.
Engages N on gear selector forks 3 and 4 through "open loop control".
- Blocks even gears.
Verifies the neutral position for even gears (gear selector fork 3 and 4).
Failure reaction 43:
The failure reaction is used by faults caused by the position of the gear selector fork changing unintentionally.
- Moves the damaged gear selector fork back to N through "Open loop controlled".
- It is possible there is a double hydraulic fault, gives failure reaction 10.
Otherwise it is a sensor fault on the gear selector fork, gives failure reaction 1.
Failure reaction 44:
No validated temperatures.
If the fault occurs the decision must be made on each occasion which temperature values are to be used, so that other faults are not detected too early.
Failure reaction 45:
Used with defective signals from the accelerator pedal position sensor.
- Transition from crawl driving to start driving if the engine speed is over a specific calibrated value (e.g. 2000 rpm).
- Uses standard shifting points.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
Failure reaction 46:
- Replaces the value for the engine speed received via the CAN network, with the signal for the incoming speed.
- If the sensor for the incoming speed is also damaged, driving in the selected gear continues, but gear shifting is not permitted.
- If both couplings are open, keeps them open and gives failure reaction 10.
Failure reaction 47:
- Only shifting on the same axle as possible.
Failure reaction 48:
This failure reaction is triggered if it is not possible to gain access to the position of the brake pedal.
- Deactivates neutral control.
Changes from P to D are only permitted by manually opening the shift lock.
Failure reaction 49:
- Increases idling to approximately 1100 rpm.
- Increases the crawl torque under the condition the brakes and accelerator are not applied.
- Prevents WOT (Wide Open Throttle).
Failure reaction 50:
- Only uses the gear selector sensor's signals.
- Makes automatic shifting possible and prevents manual shifting.
Failure reaction 51:
- No crawl mode
- If the position of the accelerator is greater than a calibrated level (approximately 3%), gives failure reaction 10.
Failure reaction 52.1:
- Does not permit shifting (blocks all gears that are not engaged, even Neutral).
Failure reaction 52.2:
- Does not permit shifting (blocks all gears that are not engaged, however not Neutral).
- Stops blocking after a calibrated time.
Failure reaction 53:
- Uses failure reactions 45-49 (no CAN- values are available).
Failure reaction 53.1:
All failure reactions 45-49 (no CAN values available) can be made.
- Blocks all odd gears except the one engaged. Also blocks even gears that are above the odd gear.
- Activates CSPS1 so that the engaged odd gear can be used.
Failure reaction 55:
- Sets the operating cycle counter to the maximum value for all OBD relevant diagnostic trouble codes (with that the MIL lamp is set on the first operating cycle when a related fault is discovered).
Failure reaction 58:
Only one temporary failure action.
- Keeps the last valid value from the defective sensor.
Engages a gear on the other (even/odd) axle.
Failure reaction 59:
Used when one of the clutches does not open.
- Engine torque reduced to 0 Nm
- All gears disengage.
The function for automatic engine start/stop turns off.
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