General description

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

An electronic control system supervises and regulates all the parameters of the engine, optimising performance and consumption levels through response in real time to the different operating conditions: this sophisticated latest generation system consists of a single control unit which controls both ignition (static with lost spark) and injection (timed).

This is the M 2.10.3 version of the proven and reliable BOSCH MOTRONIC system.

Compared with the previous versions this new M 2.10.3 system adopts a control unit - with 55 pins - with advanced design and production technology, it also possesses many possibilities for inserting auxiliary functions.

As a result of the use of new sensors and revision of the control programmes, the system makes it possible to achieve considerable improvements in terms of consumption and emission levels and vehicle handling.

Another feature of this system is self-adaptation, i.e. the capability to recognise the changes that take place in the engine and to compensate them, according to functions which mainly correct:

• the mixture titration
• the caburetion parameters according to the command of the evaporative solenoid valve
• an adaptive programme for idle speed control.

FUNCTIONS OF THE SYSTEM

Sequential and timed injection (S.E.F.I.)

With this control unit, fuel injection is sequential and timed for each cylinder: the injection instant (delivery of fuel into the intake manifolds by the opening of the injectors) is not simultaneous for all the cylinders, but takes place for each cylinder in correspondence with the optimal point of injection, calculated by the control unit according to special maps depending on the load, speed and temperature of the engine.

NOTE: the instant considered in the design of the maps is that of the start of injection (the cylinder is in the exhaust stroke - intake valve still closed).

Static ignition

An electronic ignition system has been adopted with "static distribution" (with semi-conductors, without distributor). This solution makes it possible to eliminate rotary components; in addition, it does not produce external sparks thus reducing the risk of interferences; lastly it reduces the number of high voltage cables and connectors; as the power modules for controlling the primary windings of the coil are inside the control unit.

Static ignition takes place through four coils, according to the so-called "lost spark" logic: this solution exploits the different pressures and environments existing contemporaneously in a pair of cylinders: when one of the cylinders approaches the bursting stroke, with a mixture of air and fuel, the corresponding cylinder is at the end of the exhaust stroke in the presence of exhaust gas.

In a 4-cylinder in line engine, the paired cylinders are 1/4 and 2/3.

The solution adopted for this engine (T.SPARK - 16 valves) has required the adoption of a larger "central" spark plug and a smaller "side" spark plug. Each of the four coils supplies the small spark plug of the cylinder below and simultaneously the large one of the paired cylinder.

NOTE: This way it is impossible to invert the spark plug cables during servicing operations.

Metering the air flow rate

The air flow meter adopted is of a more modern design known as the "hot film" type.

Outside, the air-flow meter looks like a part of duct between the intake manifold and the air cleaner. Inside the air-flow meter there is an electronic circuit and a plate that is crossed by the air which passes into the duct. The film plate is kept at a constant temperature (appx. 120°C over the temperature of the incoming air) by a heating resistance placed in contact with it. The mass of air flowing through the manifold tends to withdraw heat from the plate: therefore, to keep its temperature constant, a certain current needs to flow through the heating resistance: this current, suitably measured, is proportionate with the mass of flowing air.

N.B. This air flow meter measures directly the mass of air (and not the volume as in the previous versions with "floating port", thereby eliminating problems of temperature, altitude, pressure, etc.), enabling an optimum ratio between the weight of the air and the weight of the fuel.