Scoupe L4-1468cc 1.5L SOHC (8 VALVE) (1991): Powertrain Management

Also for this vehicle: Scoupe L4-1468cc 1.5L SOHC (12 VALVE) (1993), Scoupe L4-1468cc 1.5L SOHC (12 VALVE) Turbo (1995), Scoupe L4-1468cc 1.5L SOHC VIN J MFI (1994).

Diagnostics Maintenance Engine Transmission Brakes Electrical Steering & suspension Heating & A/C Body & interior

Choose Sections to see everything in a chapter, or a chapter title to start at its first page.

01Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC): Sections
02Relays and Modules Relays and Modules: Sections
03Sensors and Switches Sensors and Switches: Sections
04Maintenance Maintenance: Sections
05Engine, Cooling and Exhaust Engine, Cooling and Exhaust: Sections
06Powertrain Management Powertrain Management: Sections
- Relays and Modules - Powertrain Management111 pages
  - Relays and Modules - Computers and Control Systems99 pages
    Electronic Control Unit <--> [Engine Control Module] › Component Information94 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins92 pages
    Recalls: › 9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Customer Interest:13 pages
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:35 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    All Other Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:26 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    All Other Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:9 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    Locations › Component Locations2
    Main Relay (Computer/Fuel System) › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5
  - Relays and Modules - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction7 pages
    Fuel Pump Relay › Component Information › Locations2
    Main Relay (Computer/Fuel System) › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5
  - Relays and Modules - Ignition System › Power Transistor <--> [Ignition Control Module] › Component Information5 pages
    Locations
    Description and Operation › Power Transistor2 3 4
- Sensors and Switches - Powertrain Management198 pages
  - Sensors and Switches - Computers and Control Systems128 pages
    Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    Air Flow Meter/Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins12 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Other Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Other Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns
    Barometric Pressure Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Barometric Pressure Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Barometric Pressure Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Barometric Pressure Switch › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Top Dead Center (TDC) Sensor <--> [Camshaft Position Sensor] › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3
    Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer) › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins24 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer):12 pages
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    98-36-003 › Apr › 98 › Engine Fault Code - Diagnostic Manual Update2 3
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Other Service Bulletins for Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer):7 pages
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    98-36-003 › Apr › 98 › Engine Fault Code - Diagnostic Manual Update2 3
    Crankshaft Position Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Specifications2 3
    Description and Operation › Crankshaft Position and Camshaft (TDC) Sensors2 3 4 5 6
    EGR Valve Position Sensor › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Idle Speed Motor Position Sensor › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5
    Intake Air Temperature Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins12 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Other Service Bulletins for Intake Air Temperature Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Other Service Bulletins for Intake Air Temperature Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns
    Oxygen Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins › Engine Controls - O2 Sensor Connector Guidelines2 3 4 5 6 7
    Testing and Inspection › Federal and Canada2
    Power Steering Pressure Switch › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › Power Steering Pump - Pressure Switch Cautions
    Idle Position Switch <--> [Throttle Full Close Switch] › Component Information › Description and Operation2
    Throttle Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins26 pages
    Customer Interest for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    Transmission Position Switch/Sensor, A/T › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Pulse Generator <--> [Vehicle Speed Sensor] › Component Information6 pages
    Locations2
    Diagrams › Diagram Information and Instructions2 3 4
  - Sensors and Switches - Emission Control Systems4 pages
    EGR Temperature Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › EGR Temperature Sensor - Code 43 Diagnosis2 3
    EGR Valve Position Sensor › Component Information › Description and Operation
  - Sensors and Switches - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction53 pages
    Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    Accelerator Pedal Switch › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins4 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Switch: › 9240008 › Dec › 92 › A/T - Harsh Shift When Stopping or Accelerating2
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Switch: › 9240008 › Dec › 92 › A/T - Harsh Shift When Stopping or Accelerating2
    Air Flow Meter/Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Idle Speed Motor Position Sensor › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5
    Idle Position Switch <--> [Throttle Full Close Switch] › Component Information › Description and Operation2
    Throttle Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins26 pages
    Customer Interest for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
  - Sensors and Switches - Ignition System13 pages
    Top Dead Center (TDC) Sensor <--> [Camshaft Position Sensor] › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3
    Crankshaft Position Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Specifications2 3
    Description and Operation › Crankshaft Position and Camshaft (TDC) Sensors2 3 4 5 6
    Ignition Switch › Component Information › Locations
- Tune-up and Engine Performance Checks48 pages
  - Fuel Pressure › Diagnostic Connector - Fuel Pump › Component Information › Locations2 3 4
  - Air/Fuel Mixture › System Information › Adjustments
  - Idle Speed › System Information23 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins12 pages
    Customer Interest for Idle Speed:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Idle Speed:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Specifications › Idle Specifications2
    Adjustments › Idle Speed Adjustment2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  - Air Cleaner Housing › Air Filter Element › Component Information › Testing and Inspection
  - Fuel Filter › Fuel Pressure Release › System Information › Service Precautions2
  - Firing Order › Component Information › Specifications
  - Ignition Timing4 pages
    Ignition Timing Connector › Component Information › Locations › Component Locations2
    Number One Cylinder › Component Information › Locations
    Timing Marks and Indicators › System Information › Locations
  - Ignition Cable › Component Information › Testing and Inspection2
  - Distributor, Ignition › Component Information › Testing and Inspection › Crank Angle and #1 TDC (CYL. Detect Sig.) Sensors2 3
  - Spark Plug › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › Spark Plugs - Application/Service Interval2 3 4
  - Valve Clearance › System Information3 pages
    Specifications
    Adjustments › Service Procedure2
- Computers and Control Systems474 pages
  - A/C Signal › Component Information › Testing and Inspection2
  - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
  - Air Flow Meter/Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
  - Intake Air Temperature Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins9 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Other Service Bulletins for Intake Air Temperature Sensor: › 9320002 › Mar › 93 › Radiator/Radiator Hose - Coolant Leaks
    All Other Service Bulletins for Intake Air Temperature Sensor: › 9320002 › Mar › 93 › Radiator/Radiator Hose - Coolant Leaks
  - Auxiliary Air Valve (Idle Speed) › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins10 pages
    Customer Interest for Auxiliary Air Valve (Idle Speed): › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Auxiliary Air Valve (Idle Speed): › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
  - Barometric Pressure Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Barometric Pressure Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Barometric Pressure Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
  - Barometric Pressure Switch › Component Information › Description and Operation
  - Top Dead Center (TDC) Sensor <--> [Camshaft Position Sensor] › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3
  - Central Power Supply › Component Information › Service Precautions2
  - Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer) › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins24 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer):12 pages
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    98-36-003 › Apr › 98 › Engine Fault Code - Diagnostic Manual Update2 3
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Other Service Bulletins for Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer):7 pages
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    98-36-003 › Apr › 98 › Engine Fault Code - Diagnostic Manual Update2 3
  - Crankshaft Position Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Specifications2 3
    Description and Operation › Crankshaft Position and Camshaft (TDC) Sensors2 3 4 5 6
  - Data Link Connector › Component Information › Locations › Component Locations2 3
  - EGR Valve Position Sensor › Component Information › Description and Operation
  - Electronic Control Unit <--> [Engine Control Module] › Component Information94 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins92 pages
    Recalls: › 9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Customer Interest:13 pages
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:35 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    All Other Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:26 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    All Other Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:9 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    Locations › Component Locations2
  - Idle Speed Motor Position Sensor › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5
  - Idle Speed/Throttle Actuator - Electronic › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins12 pages
    Customer Interest for Idle Speed/Throttle Actuator - Electronic:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Idle Speed/Throttle Actuator - Electronic:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
  - Main Relay (Computer/Fuel System) › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5
  - Malfunction Indicator Lamp › Component Information › Diagrams › Diagram Information and Instructions2 3 4
  - Oxygen Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins › Engine Controls - O2 Sensor Connector Guidelines2 3 4 5 6 7
    Testing and Inspection › Federal and Canada2
  - Power Steering Pressure Switch › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › Power Steering Pump - Pressure Switch Cautions
  - Relays and Modules - Computers and Control Systems99 pages
    Electronic Control Unit <--> [Engine Control Module] › Component Information94 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins92 pages
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:35 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    Recalls: › 9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Customer Interest:13 pages
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    All Other Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:26 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9236002 › Jun › 92 › Engine - Cold Start Stalling With A/T2 3 4
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    All Other Service Bulletins for Electronic Control Unit:9 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9236005 › Dec › 92 › ECU - Testing Precautions
    9136001 › Dec › 91 › ECU - Modification
    Locations › Component Locations2
    Main Relay (Computer/Fuel System) › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5
  - Sensors and Switches - Computers and Control Systems120 pages
    Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    Air Flow Meter/Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Barometric Pressure Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Barometric Pressure Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Barometric Pressure Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Barometric Pressure Switch › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Top Dead Center (TDC) Sensor <--> [Camshaft Position Sensor] › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3
    Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer) › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins24 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer):12 pages
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    98-36-003 › Apr › 98 › Engine Fault Code - Diagnostic Manual Update2 3
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Other Service Bulletins for Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch (For Computer):7 pages
    98-36-006 › Aug › 98 › Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor - Diagnosis2 3 4
    98-36-003 › Apr › 98 › Engine Fault Code - Diagnostic Manual Update2 3
    Crankshaft Position Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Specifications2 3
    Description and Operation › Crankshaft Position and Camshaft (TDC) Sensors2 3 4 5 6
    EGR Valve Position Sensor › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Idle Speed Motor Position Sensor › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5
    Intake Air Temperature Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Intake Air Temperature Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Intake Air Temperature Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Oxygen Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins › Engine Controls - O2 Sensor Connector Guidelines2 3 4 5 6 7
    Testing and Inspection › Federal and Canada2
    Power Steering Pressure Switch › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › Power Steering Pump - Pressure Switch Cautions
    Idle Position Switch <--> [Throttle Full Close Switch] › Component Information › Description and Operation2
    Throttle Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins26 pages
    Customer Interest for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    Transmission Position Switch/Sensor, A/T › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Pulse Generator <--> [Vehicle Speed Sensor] › Component Information6 pages
    Locations2
    Diagrams › Diagram Information and Instructions2 3 4
  - Idle Position Switch <--> [Throttle Full Close Switch] › Component Information › Description and Operation2
  - Throttle Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins26 pages
    Customer Interest for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
  - Transmission Position Switch/Sensor, A/T › Component Information › Description and Operation
  - Pulse Generator <--> [Vehicle Speed Sensor] › Component Information6 pages
    Locations2
    Diagrams › Diagram Information and Instructions2 3 4
  - Voltage Signal › Component Information › Testing and Inspection › Battery Signal2
- Emission Control Systems54 pages
  - Three Way Catalytic Converter <--> [Catalytic Converter] › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins20 pages
    Recalls: › 9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Three Way Catalytic Converter:10 pages
    9601002 › May › 96 › Recall - High Altitude Emissions Kit2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    9530002 › Feb › 95 › Exhaust System - Rotten Egg Odor Explanantion
    All Other Service Bulletins for Three Way Catalytic Converter: › 9530002 › Feb › 95 › Exhaust System - Rotten Egg Odor Explanantion
  - Evaporative Emissions System16 pages
    Canister Purge Solenoid › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4
    Evaporative Check Valve › Component Information8 pages
    Locations2 3 4 5 6
    Service and Repair › Fuel Check Valve2
    Evaporative Emission Control Canister › Component Information › Locations2
    Thermal Vacuum Valve - EVAP › Component Information › Specifications2
  - Exhaust Gas Recirculation12 pages
    EGR Control Solenoid › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4
    EGR Temperature Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › EGR Temperature Sensor - Code 43 Diagnosis2 3
    EGR Valve › Component Information › Locations
    EGR Valve Position Sensor › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Thermal Vacuum Valve, EGR › Component Information › Specifications2 3
  - Positive Crankcase Ventilation › Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve › Component Information › Locations2
  - Sensors and Switches - Emission Control Systems4 pages
    EGR Temperature Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › EGR Temperature Sensor - Code 43 Diagnosis2 3
    EGR Valve Position Sensor › Component Information › Description and Operation
- Fuel Delivery and Air Induction268 pages
  - Fuel Pressure › Diagnostic Connector - Fuel Pump › Component Information › Locations2 3 4
  - Fuel Pressure Release › System Information › Service Precautions2
  - Idle Speed › System Information23 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins12 pages
    Customer Interest for Idle Speed:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Idle Speed:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Specifications › Idle Specifications2
    Adjustments › Idle Speed Adjustment2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  - Air/Fuel Mixture › System Information › Adjustments
  - Accelerator Pedal › Accelerator Pedal Switch › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins4 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Switch: › 9240008 › Dec › 92 › A/T - Harsh Shift When Stopping or Accelerating2
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Switch: › 9240008 › Dec › 92 › A/T - Harsh Shift When Stopping or Accelerating2
  - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
  - Air Cleaner Housing › Air Filter Element › Component Information › Testing and Inspection
  - Air Flow Meter/Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
  - Auxiliary Air Valve (Idle Speed) › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins18 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins: › 9640016 › Sep › 96 › A/T - Poor 1st to 2nd Gear Upshift/Harsh Shifts2 3
    All Other Service Bulletins for Auxiliary Air Valve (Idle Speed): › 9640016 › Sep › 96 › Customer Interest for Auxiliary Air Valve (Idle Speed): › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Other Service Bulletins for Band Apply Servo Switch: › 9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
  - Diagnostic Connector - Fuel Pump › Component Information › Locations2 3 4
  - Fuel › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins20 pages
    Customer Interest: › 05-20-004 › Jul › 05 › Exhaust System - Excessive Sulfur Odors
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Fuel:10 pages
    10-FL-014 › Nov › 10 › Fuel System - Hyundai Fuel System Cleaner2
    10-FL-013 › Nov › 10 › Fuel System - Fuel Quality Testing2 3 4 5 6
    08-FL-008 › Aug › 08 › Fuel System - E85 Fuel Usage Recommendations
    05-20-004 › Jul › 05 › Exhaust System - Excessive Sulfur Odors
    All Other Service Bulletins for Fuel:9 pages
    10-FL-014 › Nov › 10 › Fuel System - Hyundai Fuel System Cleaner2
    10-FL-013 › Nov › 10 › Fuel System - Fuel Quality Testing2 3 4 5 6
    08-FL-008 › Aug › 08 › Fuel System - E85 Fuel Usage Recommendations
  - Fuel Accumulator › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5 6
  - Fuel Filler Cap › Component Information › Description and Operation2
  - Fuel Filter › Fuel Pressure Release › System Information › Service Precautions2
  - Fuel Injector › Component Information5 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins › Fuel Injector - Cleaning2 3
    Description and Operation › Injectors2
  - Fuel Pressure Regulator › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5 6
  - Fuel Pump6 pages
    Fuel Pressure › Diagnostic Connector - Fuel Pump › Component Information › Locations2 3 4
    Fuel Pump Relay › Component Information › Locations2
  - Fuel Rail › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
  - Fuel Return Line › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3 4 5 6
  - Fuel Supply Line › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins2 pages
    Customer Interest for Fuel Supply Line: › 9230007 › Dec › 92 › Fuel Pump Hose - Cracked/Leaking
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Fuel Supply Line: › 9230007 › Dec › 92 › Fuel Pump Hose - Cracked/Leaking
  - Fuel Tank5 pages
    Fuel Gauge Sender › Component Information › Locations
    Fuel Tank Drain Plug › Component Information › Locations2 3 4
  - Idle Speed Motor Position Sensor › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5
  - Idle Speed/Throttle Actuator - Electronic › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins12 pages
    Customer Interest for Idle Speed/Throttle Actuator - Electronic:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Idle Speed/Throttle Actuator - Electronic:6 pages
    98-40-001 › Jan › 98 › A/T - Harsh 4-3 Downshift When Decelerating2
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
  - Intake Air Plenum › Component Information › Service and Repair2
  - Main Relay (Computer/Fuel System) › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5
  - Relays and Modules - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction7 pages
    Fuel Pump Relay › Component Information › Locations2
    Main Relay (Computer/Fuel System) › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5
  - Rollover Valve, Fuel Tank › Component Information › Locations2 3 4 5 6
  - Sensors and Switches - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction53 pages
    Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: › 97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    Accelerator Pedal Switch › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins4 pages
    Customer Interest for Accelerator Pedal Switch: › 9240008 › Dec › 92 › A/T - Harsh Shift When Stopping or Accelerating2
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Accelerator Pedal Switch: › 9240008 › Dec › 92 › A/T - Harsh Shift When Stopping or Accelerating2
    Air Flow Meter/Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins8 pages
    Customer Interest for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Air Flow Meter/Sensor: › 9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    Idle Speed Motor Position Sensor › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5
    Idle Position Switch <--> [Throttle Full Close Switch] › Component Information › Description and Operation2
    Throttle Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins26 pages
    Customer Interest for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
  - Throttle Body › Throttle Plate - PFI › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › Throttle Valve - Inspection and Cleaning
  - Throttle Cable/Linkage › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4 5 6
  - Idle Position Switch <--> [Throttle Full Close Switch] › Component Information › Description and Operation2
  - Throttle Position Sensor › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins26 pages
    Customer Interest for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Throttle Position Sensor:13 pages
    97-40-031 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns2 3 4
    9436006 › Oct › 94 › Engine - Stalls On Initial Cold Start2 3 4
    9336007 › Oct › 93 › ECM - MIL ON DTC 15 Set, Stalling, A/C Inoperative2 3 4 5
- Ignition System55 pages
  - Firing Order › Component Information › Specifications
  - Ignition Timing4 pages
    Ignition Timing Connector › Component Information › Locations › Component Locations2
    Number One Cylinder › Component Information › Locations
    Timing Marks and Indicators › System Information › Locations
  - Top Dead Center (TDC) Sensor <--> [Camshaft Position Sensor] › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3
  - Crankshaft Position Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Specifications2 3
    Description and Operation › Crankshaft Position and Camshaft (TDC) Sensors2 3 4 5 6
  - Distributor, Ignition › Component Information › Testing and Inspection › Crank Angle and #1 TDC (CYL. Detect Sig.) Sensors2 3
  - Ignition Cable › Component Information › Testing and Inspection2
  - Ignition Coil › Component Information › Specifications2 3 4
  - Power Transistor <--> [Ignition Control Module] › Component Information5 pages
    Locations
    Description and Operation › Power Transistor2 3 4
  - Ignition Timing Connector › Component Information › Locations › Component Locations2
  - Relays and Modules - Ignition System › Power Transistor <--> [Ignition Control Module] › Component Information5 pages
    Locations
    Description and Operation › Power Transistor2 3 4
  - Sensors and Switches - Ignition System13 pages
    Top Dead Center (TDC) Sensor <--> [Camshaft Position Sensor] › Component Information › Description and Operation2 3
    Crankshaft Position Sensor › Component Information9 pages
    Specifications2 3
    Description and Operation › Crankshaft Position and Camshaft (TDC) Sensors2 3 4 5 6
    Ignition Switch › Component Information › Locations
  - Spark Plug › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins › Spark Plugs - Application/Service Interval2 3 4
- Transmission Control Systems90 pages
  - Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain › Actuators and Solenoids - A/T › Shift Interlock Solenoid › Component Information › Locations › Key Lock Solenoid2
  - Lamps and Indicators - Transmission and Drivetrain › Lamps and Indicators - A/T › Transmission Mode Indicator - A/T › Component Information › Diagrams › Diagram Information and Instructions2 3 4
  - Relays and Modules - Transmission and Drivetrain › Relays and Modules - A/T41 pages
    Control Module, A/T › Component Information34 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins32 pages
    Customer Interest:7 pages
    97-40-028 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Harsh Engagement Shock2
    97-40-022 › Aug › 97 › A/T - Reverse To Drive Engagement Shock
    9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    9340007 › Jun › 93 › A/T - Intermittent Harsh Shifting2 3
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Control Module:16 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    97-40-028 › Sep › 97 › A/T - Harsh Engagement Shock2
    97-40-030 › Sep › 97 › TCM - Adaptive Control
    97-40-022 › Aug › 97 › A/T - Reverse To Drive Engagement Shock
    9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    9340007 › Jun › 93 › A/T - Intermittent Harsh Shifting2 3
    9240001 › Mar › 92 › TCU - Fault Code Erasure
    All Other Service Bulletins for Control Module:9 pages
    00-00-001 › Jul › 00 › Scan Tool - Software Update Procedure2 3 4 5 6 7
    97-40-030 › Sep › 97 › TCM - Adaptive Control
    9240001 › Mar › 92 › TCU - Fault Code Erasure
    Locations › 4-A/T2
    Shift Interlock Control Module › Component Information7 pages
    Locations
    Diagrams › Diagram Information and Instructions2 3 4 5 6
  - Sensors and Switches - Transmission and Drivetrain › Sensors and Switches - A/T43 pages
    Band Apply Servo Switch, A/T › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins6 pages
    Customer Interest for Band Apply Servo Switch: › 9640016 › Sep › 96 › A/T - Poor 1st to 2nd Gear Upshift/Harsh Shifts2 3
    All Technical Service Bulletins for Band Apply Servo Switch: › 9640016 › Sep › 96 › A/T - Poor 1st to 2nd Gear Upshift/Harsh Shifts2 3
    Overdrive Switch, A/T › Component Information › Locations
    Transmission Mode Switch, A/T › Component Information › Locations › Power/Economy Switch2
    Transmission Position Switch/Sensor, A/T › Component Information › Description and Operation
    Transmission Speed Sensor, A/T › Component Information29 pages
    Technical Service Bulletins27 pages
    Recalls: › 95010071 › Oct › 95 › Campaign - Harsh A/T 2-1 Downshifts or 1-2 Upshifts2
    Customer Interest:9 pages
    98-40-002 › Apr › 98 › A/T - Intermittent Delayed, Erratic, Harsh Shifting2
    96-40-013 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Delayed/Harsh/Erratic Upshifts/Downshifts2
    9340007 › Jun › 93 › A/T - Intermittent Harsh Shifting2 3
    9140002 › Apr › 92 › A/T - Intermittnet Harsh Shifts2
    All Technical Service Bulletins:15 pages
    98-40-002 › Apr › 98 › A/T - Intermittent Delayed, Erratic, Harsh Shifting2
    97-40-025-1 › Aug › 97 › A/T - Driveability Concerns/DTC's Set/MIL ON2 3
    96-40-013 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Delayed/Harsh/Erratic Upshifts/Downshifts2
    95010071 › Oct › 95 › Campaign - Harsh A/T 2-1 Downshifts or 1-2 Upshifts2
    9340007 › Jun › 93 › A/T - Intermittent Harsh Shifting2 3
    9140002 › Apr › 92 › A/T - Intermittnet Harsh Shifts2
    TRAN025 › Jun › 91 › Pulse Generator - Supplier Change
    All Other Service Bulletins for Transmission Speed Sensor: › 9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    All Other Service Bulletins for Transmission Speed Sensor: › 9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    All Other Service Bulletins for Transmission Speed Sensor: › 9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    Locations › Pulse Generator A2
    Transmission Temperature Sensor/Switch, A/T › Component Information › Technical Service Bulletins4 pages
    Customer Interest: › 9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    All Technical Service Bulletins: › 9640011 › Jul › 96 › A/T - Will Not Engage Overdrive
    All Other Service Bulletins for Transmission Temperature Sensor/Switch: › 08-BE-004 › Jun › 08 › Electrical - Voltage Drop Diagnostics2
    All Other Service Bulletins for Transmission Temperature Sensor/Switch: › 08-BE-004 › Jun › 08 › Electrical - Voltage Drop Diagnostics
07Transmission and Drivetrain Transmission and Drivetrain: Sections
08Brakes and Traction Control Brakes and Traction Control: Sections
09Starting and Charging Starting and Charging: Sections
10Power and Ground Distribution Power and Ground Distribution: Sections
11Steering and Suspension Steering and Suspension: Sections
12Heating and Air Conditioning Heating and Air Conditioning: Sections
13Restraint Systems Restraint Systems: Sections
14Accessories and Optional Equipment Accessories and Optional Equipment: Sections
15Body and Frame Body and Frame: Sections
16Cruise Control Cruise Control: Sections
17Instrument Panel, Gauges and Warning Indicators Instrument Panel, Gauges and Warning Indicators: Sections
18Lighting and Horns Lighting and Horns: Sections
19Windows and Glass Windows and Glass: Sections
20Wiper and Washer Systems Wiper and Washer Systems: Sections