Validity

VALIDITY

In the section “Descriptions and operation” the same rules apply regarding validity shown for the “Procedures for repairs” section (see futher on).

GLOSSARY

At the beginning of the description, there is a glossary of terms mentioned in the text which may require brief explanation.

Passive safety

A series of precautions that interact to reduce the consequences of an accident on the car. These include layered windscreen, collapsible steering column, material used for the steering wheel, no dangerous protrusions or sharp edges on the dashboard, structure of the pedals unit, shape and strength of the seats, head rests, safety belts (also with pretensioners) air-bags and the body with differentiated resistance, which means passenger compartment as rigid as possible and front and rear parts deformable in a manner designed to gradually absorb the impact shock.

Submarining

Phenomenon that occurs in a frontal crash. The body of the person occupying the seat, even with the seat belt fastened, tends to slide under the belt.

To make it easier to identify the anomaly, a specific section in the manual termed “Diagnosis” has been included.

In this section the diagnosis procedures are based on the symptoms and not on the component cause. For example searching for the symptom “Noise from transmission” and not the component “Noisy transmission”.

The structure , therefore does not follow the usual division in Groups, Subgroups etc. but has a list of possile symptoms.

The symptoms are divided in large “families”, which correspond to the parts of the vehicle, as seen from the driver’s point of view (e.g. engine, transmission, driving, lights) and not the functional/construction groups (e.g. injection, suspension, electrical system).