Fuel delivery system - Td5 (Operation): Description and operation

Operation

When the ignition switch is moved to position II, the fuel pump relay in the engine compartment fusebox is energised by the ECM. Battery voltage is supplied from the fuel pump relay to the fuel pump which operates. If engine cranking is not detected by the ECM within a three minute period, the ECM will 'time-out', de-energising the fuel pump relay. When the ignition is turned off the ECM timer will reset.

The low pressure stage of the fuel pump draws fuel from the swirl pot and pumps it into the fuel filter. The high pressure stage of the fuel pump draws the fuel from the fuel filter and pumps it along the fuel feed pipe to the cylinder head.

The fuel enters the cylinder head through a connection on the fuel pressure regulator housing and supplies each injector with pressurised fuel. The fuel pressure regulator maintains the fuel pressure at the injectors at 4 bar (58 2

lbf.in ) by returning excess fuel back to the fuel filter. The returned fuel passes through the fuel cooler in the engine compartment before it passes to the fuel filter.

When the engine is running, each injector is operated by an overhead camshaft which depresses a push rod in each injector at a timed interval. When the cam has depressed the push rod and the push rod is returning to its extended position, fuel is drawn from the fuel supply drilling into the injector.

When the ECM determines that injection is required, the ECM transmits an electrical pulse which energises the fast acting solenoid, closing the spill valve on the injector and locking fuel in the injector body. As the cam begins to depress the push rod, the fuel in the injector is rapidly pressurised. When the pressure exceeds the nozzle spring pressure, the nozzle opens and injects fuel at very high pressure into the cylinder.

When the ECM determines that the injection period should end, the solenoid is rapidly de-energised, opening the spill valve on the injector and allowing fuel to pass into the return circuit.

The ECM controls the injection timing by altering the time at which the solenoid is energised and the injection period by controlling the period for which the solenoid is energised.